Andrew Choco Joins BFREE Full-time as Wildlife Fellow

Hey there! My name is Andrew Choco, and I am from Trio, a community adjacent to BFREE. I was raised in Bella Vista Village, where my connection with nature was somewhat limited. However, after watching documentaries on Animal Planet, my interest in the natural world was sparked. These programs ignited a deep passion for wildlife conservation and inspired me to pursue a career dedicated to protecting animals. I envisioned myself rescuing injured wildlife and exploring their habitats, all while being filmed by camera crews. Over time, my passion only grew, strengthening my commitment to turning this dream into a reality.

This commitment to conservation led me to pursue an associate’s degree in Natural Resources Management, which I completed at Independence Junior College (IJC). I am now looking forward to graduating in June. This milestone has opened new doors and has brought me closer to my aspirations. Along the way, I worked various part-time jobs, including construction labor. One day, while working, I witnessed a group of workers catch a large turtle from the water. At that time, I didn’t realize it was a Hicatee, but I watched in dismay as it was captured and slaughtered. The sight of animals suffering has always been deeply distressing to me, and this event made me feel helpless, especially since I didn’t have the knowledge at the time to act or understand the significance of the species.

A few weeks later, during my third semester, Mr. Leomar Longsworth informed me about a volunteer opportunity for the bi-annual health assessment of the Hicatee at BFREE. Although I had not previously heard of BFREE, I learned that my school had a close relationship with the organization and often took students there on educational trips. I decided to research BFREE’s work, particularly their efforts with the Hicatee, and felt compelled to apply for the opportunity. I recalled the experience in Hopkins and felt a strong desire to contribute to the conservation of this species.

There were many competitive applicants and only two positions available, I wasn’t accepted but I was honored to be selected as one of the top interviewees. Later that month, I visited BFREE as part of a school trip. The presentations and tours, particularly the Science and Education Fellowship program, left a lasting impression on me. I decided to pursue an internship at BFREE, with the goal of joining the fellowship program after graduation. In June 2024, after completing my internship, Ms. Heather Barrett offered me a summer fellowship position for July and mid-August. I eagerly accepted and had the opportunity to work alongside Barney Hall, who was nearing the end of his two-year term. Barney’s enthusiasm and dedication to the Hicatee further fueled my resolve to contribute to its preservation.

During my summer fellowship, I gained invaluable hands-on experience, including participation in the North American Freshwater Turtle Research Group (NAFTRG) turtle survey on BFREE’s property. I developed a deeper understanding of Belize’s turtle species and grew increasingly passionate about reptiles. This experience fundamentally changed my perspective on wildlife. Having once been afraid of snakes and frogs, I surprised my family by picking up a snake in my backyard, marveling at its beauty rather than reacting with fear. This transformation is a testament to the profound impact BFREE has had on me.

In the months following, I was offered the two-year position of Wildlife Fellow and began work part-time while completing my associate’s degree, further contributing to Hicatee conservation efforts. A standout moment for me was participating in the Hicatee Awareness Month campaign. I worked with a team of three other individuals from IJC to design and implement outreach programming for eight schools in Stann Creek and Toledo Districts.

What some might consider arduous tasks—such as hiking or driving through six miles of rough terrain during the rainy season—became experiences I cherished. They offered me the chance to immerse myself in lush forests, listen to the sounds of wildlife, and witness the beauty of nature firsthand. These moments have deepened my connection with the environment and have shaped my journey.

After completing my associate’s degree from IJC in December, I was fortunate to join the team full-time. I’m incredibly thankful for all I’ve learned at BFREE and am excited to continue growing with the organization. Through my time at BFREE, I’ve developed a deep connection with nature that I never imagined. It’s also allowed me to pursue my passion for cameras. Filming and being filmed while participating in conservation efforts has always been my dream. Now, I’ve evolved from a nature enthusiast into an aspiring photographer and videographer, eager to tell my story through my own lens.

As the current Wildlife Fellow, I’m excited for the opportunities ahead to grow and contribute to the ongoing efforts to save the Hicatee. Inspired by the paths laid out by past fellows like Jaren, Jonathan, and Barney, I aim to continue their important work and highlight the impact BFREE has had on individuals like me.

Special Thanks: I am deeply grateful for the support and guidance from my Independence Junior College family, who have been instrumental in helping me reach this point.

A professional crash course for cacao and chocolate lovers!

Recently, I participated in an exciting online training opportunity. The “Chocolate Making from the Bean Program” is a professional two-month course that began on September 27 and concluded on November 29, 2024. Participants who took the course, including me, came from various backgrounds and professions but all had a passion for chocolate! With seven years of work experience in a cacao processing facility plus fifteen months of work training at BFREE’s Cacao Discovery Center; I have always wanted to learn more about the global cocoa market. My other interests before taking the course included understanding the complex process of chocolate production and the sensory evaluation of chocolate liquor and bars. This short intensive course provided by Ecole Chocolat covers numerous topics that are timely and relevant to the Global Cacao Value Chain. 

What I enjoyed most about this program is the wealth of information it provides to students. It has exceeded my expectations, and greatly enhanced my knowledge on various topics including cacao bean sourcing, chocolate making, and entrepreneurship. The fun part was acquiring and tasting multiple chocolate bars of different origins from multiple chocolate makers. Throughout the course, I did several taste tests called “Tasting Flights” and my favorite bars were Fruition’s ‘Dominican Oko-Caribe 68% Dark Chocolate’, Fu Wan’s ‘70% Dark Chocolate’, Ritual’s ‘100% Dark Chocolate’ and Luis Abram’s ‘70% Rio Purus Dark chocolate’. These four bars were my top favorites based on their flavor profiles, physical aesthetics, and texture but of course, this is all subjective.

I was inspired by the many success stories of chocolatiers highlighted in several case examples in the course’s first module. But what fascinated me most was the historical timeline of cacao; it evolved from a crop in South America’s Upper Amazon to being a highly revered crop by ancient civilizations such as the Olmecs, Mayas, and Aztecs leading up to the Industrial Revolution to ultimately becoming a billion-dollar chocolate industry. I also enjoyed learning and familiarizing myself with local and international stakeholders in the industry. I was delighted to see several Belizean entities such as Eladio’s Chocolate Adventure, Ixcacao Chocolate, Maya Mountain Cacao, Toledo Cacao Growers Association, and others mentioned in the program.

I felt privileged to participate in this course. I highly recommend this program to anyone as passionate as I am about cacao and chocolate! As I transition from a Cacao Fellow program alum to a Quality Control Manager at Crioco’s LLC, I find this training resourceful and informative. Overall, I had a wonderful learning experience and a flexible timeline. As of January 2025, I am participating in Part 2 of this course. A special thanks goes to Ms. Heather Barrett and Mr. Jacob Marlin who took the time out of their hectic schedules to acquire chocolate bars for this course. Many of the bars were ordered from Caputo’s Market and Deli, which is a wonderful partner of BFREE. Scholarship Funding for my course participation was provided by BFREE as a reward for successful completion of the BFREE Science and Education Fellowship Program.

A moment with Rachael Harff, Chelonian Keeper at the Turtle Survival Center

Q&A with Samih Young, BFREE Wildlife Education Fellow

This summer, Samih Young and Rachael Harff got to know each other while participating in the Fourth Annual Turtle Survey of the BFREE Privately Protected Area. The survey is a collaboration between BFREE and Turtle Survival Alliance‘s Volunteer Research Team – also known as the North American Freshwater Turtle Research Group (NAFTRG). Together, along with others, Samih and Rachael spent eight days collecting data on the turtle species that are found in the area.

In this article, Samih poses questions to Rachael to learn more about her interest in reptiles and also the work that she is doing at the Turtle Survival Center in South Carolina.

Samih – What first drew you to working with reptiles, particularly turtles?

Rachael – I have always appreciated reptiles and began working with them after college through a herpetology-focused internship. It was during that experience that I learned about the Turtle Survival Center and started working with them in 2021. While I have always loved animals, my time at the TSC has deepened my appreciation and a particular fondness for turtles and tortoises.

Samih – What are the biggest threats to turtle and tortoise populations and what is being done to address them?

Rachael – Threats to turtle and tortoise populations include habitat destruction, unsustainable collection for the pet trade, use for food or medicinal purposes, and the impacts of climate change. Several laws, such as CITES, the ESA, and the Lacey Act, aim to protect these species. Additionally, numerous organizations are actively working to conserve turtle populations and their habitats. Effective conservation of the approximately 360 species of turtles and tortoises requires a deep understanding of their ecological roles, including their habitat requirements, reproductive strategies, behaviors, and interactions within ecosystems. This knowledge is crucial for developing and implementing targeted conservation methods.

Samih – Are there a particular species of turtle or tortoise you find most fascinating to work with?

Rachael – I have had the privilege of working with many different species of turtles and tortoises, but my favorite experiences are when I get to observe them in their natural habitat and work with them in the field. It’s always fascinating to be fully immersed in their environment, watching them swim by or interact with other species and their surroundings.

Samih – What is one thing you wish more people knew about turtles or reptiles in general?

Rachael – I wish more people knew about the ecological importance of reptiles. One simple way people can support reptile conservation is by fostering an appreciation for these creatures through observation and education, rather than resorting to actions like killing or displacing them. By learning about their ecological importance, unique behaviors, and roles in maintaining ecosystem balance, individuals can develop a greater respect for reptiles and make more informed, compassionate decisions about how to coexist with them.

Samih – How does the work you do with TSA promote turtle conservation and what are some of your major accomplishments?

Rachael – At the Turtle Survival Alliance’s Turtle Survival Center, we work with over 20 of the world’s most endangered turtle and tortoise species. The center was founded with the mission of achieving zero turtle extinctions worldwide. The species housed at the TSC have been carefully selected based on their conservation status, lack of effective protection in the wild, and challenges with captive breeding.

As a Chelonian Keeper II, I am directly involved in the captive care and breeding of these turtles, and I consider any success in this work an accomplishment. However, the success of the TSC over the past 13 years is the result of the dedication and efforts of many individuals. I look forward to continuing to contribute alongside the team to ensure the future success of turtle conservation.

The Bladen Review 2024

The 9th edition of BFREE’s annual magazine is now available in an interactive format online at Issuu! Get the latest news from the field station and learn about exciting research, conservation and education projects taking place in and around the rainforests of Belize. 

Highlights of the 2024 magazine include: updates on the conservation and outreach programs associated with cacao agroforestry, the Hicatee turtle, and Science & Education Fellowship Program.

Click here to download a PDF of The Bladen Review 2024.

Special thanks to Jill Jacobs for designing this year’s magazine and to Parker Gibbons for photographing the cover image of a Speckled Racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) during his visit to the field station this summer.

2025 Long-term Turtle Survey in the Jungle

July 6 – 16, 2025

Join the Belize Foundation for Research & Environmental Education (BFREE) and the Turtle Survival Alliance’s Volunteer Science Program to participate in a long-term population monitoring project for freshwater and terrestrial turtle species located within BFREE’s Privately Protected Area in southern Belize. The BFREE Privately Protected Area is a 1,153-acre reserve that adjoins the largest tract of rainforest north of the Amazon. It’s an incredible hotspot for biodiversity where tapirs, howler monkeys, jaguars, and harpy eagles are often spotted and is the last stronghold for many endangered species.

Participants will be supporting researchers in the fifth annual survey of a 10-year long-term monitoring project to provide basic demographic and population information. Turtles will be captured using various methods, including hand capture and baited traps, and will be given unique identification marks and injected with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags for future identification. You’ll be joined by herpetologists and experts in the field from both the US and Belize. From 2021-2024 the BFREE and TSA-Volunteer Science Team marked, measured and safely released over 1,000 turtles. Turtles found included White-lipped Mud Turtle, Tabasco Mud Turtle, Scorpion Mud turtle, Narrow-bridged Musk Turtle, Mexican Giant Musk Turtle, Central American Snapping Turtle, Furrowed Wood Turtle, and the Meso-American Slider. These species represent eight of Belize’s nine known freshwater turtles.

We look forward to you joining us in Belize for the July 2025 BFREE and TSA-Volunteer Science Team Turtle Survey in the jungle!

2024 Survey Team

DATES

July 6-16, 2025 – OPEN

Spaces are available on a first-come, first-serve basis. Deposits will be accepted beginning November 15, 2024.

REQUIREMENTS

  • Able to hike between 5 and 10 miles a day in 90-degree weather with 100% humidity.
  • Able to lift and carry 40 lbs. for periods of time.
  • Willingness to get dirty and to put long days in.

CONTACT

Questions, please contact Eric Munscher, Director of the Turtle Survival Alliance’s – North American Freshwater Turtle Research Group (TSA-Volunteer Science Program) at

emunscher@turtlesurvival.org

or Bridget Nelson, BFREE Office Administrator at bnelson@bfreebz.org

ITINERARY

  • Day One: Arrive at the Belize international airport (BZE) by 11:30 AM to meet ground transportation and travel by bus to BFREE. Hike in to field station. Settle into rooms and unpack before dinner.
  • Day Two: Tour the BFREE Facility and familiarize yourself with the various trails and facilities. Free time to relax and swim in the crystal-clear water of the Bladen River or explore one of BFREE’s many conservation initiatives, including the Hicatee Conservation & Research Center (HCRC), a captive breeding facility for the critically endangered Central American River Turtle, Dermatemys mawii, locally known in Belize as the Hicatee.
  • Day Three – Nine: Turtle surveys throughout BFREE’s 1,153-acre private reserve. Turtle surveys will primarily take place on the ground. There will be one or two days of river surveys but most data is collected on land.
  • Day Ten – Breakfast. Hike out from field station, transportation to Hokey Pokey water taxi. Stay at Sea Spray in Placencia. Dinner on your own.
  • Day Eleven: Ground transportation from Placencia to Belize International Airport.

COSTS

The cost is $1,800 per participant, plus 3.5% processing if credit or debit card is used. Other payment options are available.

Cost Includes:

  • Double occupancy in BFREE’s newest accommodation, the Hammock, which features an open-air veranda connecting six private rooms. Linens, pillows, and blankets provided.
  • Three chef-prepared meals per day.
  • Guided night hikes and tours of BFREE’s conservation programs
  • Transportation from the international airport to the BFREE entrance road.
  • Ground and water taxi transportation to Sea Spray hotel in Placencia with one night stay included.
  • Fees paid to this program not only support your participation in critical turtle research for Belize but also have a direct impact on the country’s next generation of conservation leaders. Funding from this TSA Volunteer Science Program-BFREE research program helps to support Belizean participation in scientific research at BFREE.

REGISTER

Space is limited for this incredible opportunity; make your deposit today to secure your spot. Deposits are due by April 1, 2025. The final payment is due by June 7th, 2025. To register for this program, read the Booking Terms and Conditions on the next page.



BOOKING TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Participants must agree to all terms and conditions of booking before registering for this program. This program is coordinated by the Belize Foundation for Research & Environmental Education (BFREE).

Covered Costs.

Participation in the 2025 Turtle Survey at BFREE is $1,800 per person. These covered costs per person include accommodations, meals (while at BFREE), guided tours of BFREE, round-trip ground transportation from Belize International Airport and ground transportation to Placencia. Program Fees Do Not include the following: international airfare to BZE, meals in Placencia, soft drinks and beers, or travel insurance, gratuities/souvenirs – at your discretion.

Deposit and Final Payment.

A $500 USD Non-Refundable initial deposit will secure your spot on the trip, or you may choose to pay in full. The remaining balance is due 30-days before the retreat start date. Failure to make payment by the applicable due date may forfeit your booking on the trip and be treated as a cancellation. If a booking is made less than 30-days before the trip start date, the full amount must be paid at the time of booking.

Payment Schedule.

The $500 deposit is due for all participants by April 1, 2025. Final payment for participants is due by June 7, 2025. Payments made with credit card should be made here. Payments may also be made by check and mailed to: US for BFREE/ 3520 NW 43rd Street/ Gainesville, FL, 32606.

Cancellations.

Cancellations made by participants should include a formal refund request sent by email to reservations@bfreebz.org. According to the outline below, approved refunds by BFREE will be returned to the participant.

  • Refund requests more than 60-days before the program start date will receive a full refund minus the $500 deposit.
  • Refund requests more than 30-days before the program start date will receive a 50% refund minus the $500 deposit.
  • Refund requests less than 30-days before the program start date are non-refundable.
  • Cancellations 30-days or less to the program start date due to events directly relating to international travel restrictions and border closings, will receive a 50% refund minus the deposit.

BFREE is not liable for additional costs incurred due to cancellation, including flights, lodgings, activities, meals, etc. BFREE strongly recommends that all participants purchase travel insurance (medical, pandemic coverage, and trip cancellation) to protect you in case of any unforeseen emergencies. BFREE shall, in its sole discretion, have the right, upon written notice to the participant and without further liability, to terminate a program. Participants will be refunded following the Cancellation policy outlined above. BFREE is not liable for any loss or damage suffered by you, including but not limited to the loss of the Deposit and/or Full Payment, as a result of a Force Majeure Event and/or the cancellation of a Program due to a Force Majeure Event.

Travel to BFREE.

International flights should arrive at the Philip Goldson International Airport (BZE) no later than 11:30 AM on the first day of the program. On the program’s final day, international departure flights should not depart BZE before 1:00pm.

Info Session.

Turtle Survival Alliance and Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education will host an informational virtual meeting in 2025 for all
confirmed Participants prior to survey. Meeting Date: TBA

Associated Publications.

Publications that have been produced as a result from this survey.

Skibsted, M., McAvinchey, C., Walde, A., Marlin, J., Pop, T. Weber, A. and Munscher, E. 2023. CHELYDRA ROSSIGNONII (Central American Snapping Turtle), KINOSTERNON ACUTUM (Tabasco Mud Turtle), K. LEUCOSTOMUM LEUCOSTOMUM (Northern White-lipped Mud Turtle), and TRACHEMYS VENUSTA VENUSTA (MesoAmerican Slider). Hatchling Behavior.. Herpetological Review 54(2): 279-281. 

Munscher, E., Serano, J., Tuggle, A., Weber, A., McAvinchey, C., Dubon, J., Pop, T., Hauge, J.B., Barrett, H., Marlin, J., Butterfield, B.P., Stein, J., and  Walde, A.D. 2023. Quantifying freshwater and terrestrial turtle species diversity, richness, and abundance at a site in southern Belize.  Neotropical Naturalist 4(7):1-16.

Munscher, E.C., T. Pop, L. Pearson, H. Barrett, G. Knauss, J. Marlin, C. McAvinchey, M. Morrison, J. Pignatelli, J. Stein, A. Tuggle, and A. Walde. 2022. First verified observation of the narrow-bridged musk turtle Claudius angustatus Cope, 1865 from the Toldeo District of southern Belize. Herpetology Notes 15:735-740. 

Celebrating the 8th Annual Hicatee Awareness Month

Hicatee Awareness Month began in 2017 to draw attention to the status of Belize’s only critically endangered reptile, the Central American River Turtle locally called “Hicatee”. Eight years later, BFREE and our NGO international and local partners including Turtle Survival Alliance, Zoo New England, Belize Wildlife Referral Clinic, WCS Belize, Community Baboon Sanctuary and Savannah Field Station continue to champion the protection of this turtle and the rivers, lagoons and other freshwater systems it calls home.

This year’s theme, “Hicatee and Friends,” was selected by University of Belize student, Samih Young, and Independence Junior College student, Andrew Choco, during their summer jobs at the BFREE Field Station. As part of their Science and Education Fellowship Program, Young, Choco and their student colleague, Heston Castillo, were assigned to help develop themes and content for the 2024 Hicatee Awareness Month campaign. Because Belize is home to nine species of Freshwater turtles, the theme grew from the idea that the Hicatee isn’t the only turtle that has value or is suffering declining populations in the country.

Young and Choco learned about Belize’s turtles during their participation in an annual survey of freshwater turtle species on the BFREE Reserve. This survey is a collaboration between BFREE and the Turtle Survival Alliance and was designed to fill in knowledge gaps for as many Belizean inland and freshwater turtle species as possible. Long-term population demographics including population estimates, survivability over time, sex ratios, density, biomass, and growth are largely unknown for these species.

Young states, “I thought “Hicatee and Friends” was the best theme this year because, while in the past we have focused on the Hicatee due to its critically endangered population status, it is important to recognize and promote knowledge about all of Belize’s turtles. With knowledge comes power and through this theme, we aim to empower people by sharing information about all nine species of inland and freshwater turtles, encouraging a deeper understanding and connection to our entire ecosystem.”

Resources and Outreach

With the new theme and new materials, BFREE is collaborating with Independence Junior College, University of Belize’s Environmental Club, and Sacred Heart Junior College so that students, “Hicatee Ambassadors,” are the ones implementing the outreach events using materials created by the Hicatee Awareness Month planning committee and collaborators. This month, BFREE and its student collaborators have over 15 school and community presentations scheduled during October.

Jaren Serano, BFREE Dermatemys Program Coordinator states, ” This month-long event plays a vital role in fostering community participation and enhancing the effectiveness of conservation efforts for the critically endangered Dermatemys mawii (Hicatee turtle). By dedicating time to raising awareness of the species’ endangered status, the initiative helps inform local communities about the Hicatee’s cultural and ecological significance. Hicatee Awareness Month serves as an opportunity to strengthen the connection between conservation, cultural heritage, and community-driven action. This makes it an essential tool for promoting the long-term survival of this unique species as well as all freshwater turtles in Belize.”

The first event took place on Wednesday, October 2nd and was co-hosted by University of Belize Environmental Club and BFREE. This online presentation by Mr. Jaren Serano was entitled “Celebrating Ten Years of Conservation Work at the Hicatee Conservation and Research Center (HCRC) in Belize,” and was made available to university students throughout Belize.

Visit Facebook or Instagram for details on events happening during this October’s month-long celebration. Resources for educators can be found here.

Reptiles through the eyes of a newbie: Wanna Be Herpetologist

Reptiles at BFREE

At BFREE, a diverse range of reptiles thrive within its boundaries. I’ve been fortunate to encounter several species firsthand, from the slow-moving yet captivating turtles to the agile and vibrant lizards. My recent encounters with snakes have deepened my interest in these often misunderstood creatures, revealing the unique roles they play in this ecosystem. Each experience has broadened my appreciation for the rich biodiversity that BFREE safeguards and the importance of conservation efforts to protect these remarkable reptiles.

Drone image of the BFREE Field Station and Privately Protected Area

How I got interested


To be frank, I never had an interest in reptiles during my early days at BFREE. Instead, I was more captivated by the diverse trees within the tropical forest and the agroforestry aspects of cacao cultivation here. However, this changed in early July 2024, when a young and enthusiastic naturalist, and in my opinion, an amazing individual, Parker Gibbons, visited the BFREE headquarters.

I had the incredible opportunity to accompany him in catching and photographing some of the critters found at BFREE, particularly snakes. We encountered many beautiful specimens, but it was a Boa constrictor that truly sparked my fascination. Watching Parker handle the snake with
ease and enthusiasm, completely unafraid, inspired me to pursue the same path. Since then, I can often be found at BFREE, searching for snakes and other reptiles. I’ve even dedicated much of my time in the library, studying snakes and keeping track of the venomous ones to ensure I know which to avoid.


Respect these creatures!

While the excitement of encountering and handling snakes can be tempting, it’s important to remember that handling these creatures should only be done by those who are trained and knowledgeable. Mishandling snakes can cause them stress or injury, and in some cases, put you at risk. For those who aren’t experienced, it’s best to admire these fascinating reptiles from a distance. Instead of picking them up, consider capturing their beauty through photos or videos, and always respect their space.

Remember, snakes are an essential part of the ecosystem, and they deserve to be observed, not harassed!



List and images of the snakes I’ve encountered:

This newfound passion has led me to moments of personal pride as I’ve successfully found and handled snakes on my own, using a handmade tool. Some of the species I’ve encountered include:

Speckled Racer (Drymobius margaritiferus)
The Speckled Racer is a non-venomous snake known for its vibrant coloration, featuring black scales with white or yellow spots that give it a speckled appearance.

Cat-eyed Snake (Leptodeira annulata) The Cat-eyed Snake is a nocturnal snake. relatively small and has a brown color with black markings around its body.

Coffee Snake (Ninia sebae)
The Coffee Snake is a small, non-venomous species with a dark brown or coffee-colored body. This snake is often found in leaf litter and moist environments around BFREE.

Boa Constrictor (Boa constrictor)
A well-known large snake, the Boa Constrictor is a non-venomous snake that uses powerful muscles to suffocate prey, wrapping around them and later consuming them.

Brown Vine Snake (Oxybelis Aeneus)
The brown vine snake is a slender, non-venomous snake. It has a brown, elongated body and uses its unique tail to navigate through shrubs and trees.

Belize’s Mud Turtles

Belize is lucky to be home to both mud and musk turtles belonging to the Kinosternidae family. In science, a family is a group of related species that share similar traits. These traits can include their habitat or diet. The shared characteristics among these species indicate their close relationship, just like how family members at home often share common features and habits. Three (3) mud turtles can be found in the slow-moving waters of Belize. 

They are relatively small turtles; the largest of the three is commonly known as the White-lipped mud turtle or scientifically known as Kinosternon leucostomum. They can grow up to seven (7) inches in length. The middle guy is commonly known as Red-cheeked mud turtle and scientifically known as Kinosternon scorpioides. They can grow up to six (6) inches. The smallest of the three is commonly known as the Tabasco mud turtle and scientifically known as Kinosternon acutum. They only grow up to five (5) inches. 

Being mud turtles, they are similar in many ways. They are all omnivorous which means they eat both animal and plant material. Mud turtles can consume anything from fish to aquatic plants. They all possess hinges located on both ends of the plastron which allow them to close their shells tightly around their bodies. This unique feature helps them protect themselves from predators such as raccoons, herons, tapirs, and even other turtles. They don’t sit in the sun to bask like other turtles; instead they love to be buried under dead leaves or mud at the bottom of water bodies which is why they get the name “mud turtles”. Like many other turtles, mud turtles aestivate during the dry season when it is too hot; aestivation is  similar to hibernation in cold climates. During this long period of rest they conserve energy and stay safe from extreme heat. They resurface when the temperatures become cooler. 


Now let’s look at what makes each one unique and how one may identify them. 

White-lipped mud turtle

Starting with the largest of them all, the White-lipped mud turtle is endemic to both Central America and South America. Endemic means that this turtle species is native to and exclusively found in these regions, meaning it does not naturally occur anywhere else They get their name simply because their lip appears white. The scientific name also relays this; Leukos translates to white, and stoma translates to the mouth. They also have a local name, many people in Belize know them as swanca. The males often grow larger than females from this species. Besides having a white lip, they have an oval shaped shell. The carapace which is the top portion of the shell is a brown color, and the plastron which is the bottom portion of the shell is a rust color. The head of a White-lipped mud turtle is a black color with two distinctive yellowish stripes going parallel behind both eyes. They prefer to be in shallow, clear water that does not exceed one meter in depth. 

Red-cheeked mud turtle

Red-cheeked mud turtles are also known as Scorpion mud turtle. They got their name because their tail looks similar to a scorpion tail. These small turtles can be found in the Yucatan, Quintana Roo and Belize. They have a pale brown or olive to black carapace and their plastron can be yellow, orange, black or gray. The color of their heads also varies in different shades of red, orange and yellow.  They prefer permanent and ephemeral water bodies such as small streams, marshes and ponds.  Even though these mud turtles are omnivores, they eat more animal than plant material- their diet consists of 65% animal material. One of their main predators is another turtle Staurotypus triporcatus, Northern Giant Musk Turtle.

Tabasco mud turtle

The smallest of the three, the Tabasco mud turtle or Kinsoternon acutum gets its name from having a sharp plastron. The word acuta translates to sharp plastron. The female of this species normally grows larger than the male. These turtles are similar to the white-lipped mud turtle. They have a dark brown carapace and a yellow to pale brown plastron. The head and forelimbs are patterned with red, yellow and black colorations. They prefer semi-terrestrial habitats such as ponds. Their diet is mainly earthworms, insects and snails.


Please Respect All Turtles!

Mud turtles are cute but they don’t make good pets. Mud turtles are on the grouchy side and will bite with their curved beaks if they feel provoked or nervous. This is one of several reasons to avoid picking up or touching a mud turtle unless it’s absolutely necessary.

BFREE Staff Adventure 2024!

In recognition of a successful field season, fifteen BFREE and Crioco staff members participated in an exciting two-day trip. We chartered a bus, so that we could slowly wind our way along two of Belize’s beautiful highways – the Hummingbird and the Coastal. 

We  took our time as we searched for waterfalls, animals, caves, farms, delicious food including, of course, chocolate! 

Day One

Day One of our itinerary included a visit to Che’il Mayan Chocolate in the village of Maya Center followed by a hike to the waterfall at Billy Barquedier National Park. We then traveled on to St. Herman’s Blue Hole National Park for a swim and cave exploration. That evening we stayed at the Tropical Education Center where we had a delicious dinner before taking a night tour of the Belize Zoo.

Day Two

Day 2 had some last minute changes due to weather, so we drove south along the Coastal Highway where we stopped at Manatee Lodge at the tip of Gales Point. We then visited Corridgeree Farms for a tour of their vanilla farm followed by a chocolate tasting. We ended our adventure in Hopkins, where we enjoyed the beach and had a delicious lunch at Ella’s Restaurant.

In Summary

“I had an amazing and fun time; I loved everything about the trip. I enjoyed the sight seeing, the chocolate experience and meeting passionate Belizeans working in the field of conservation.” Roxanna Chen, Advanced Cacao Fellow.

“This trip provided me with the opportunity to tour my own country and see places I’ve always passed by on the bus but never visited.” Barney Hall, Wildlife Fellow.

“I really enjoyed the adventure; it felt so good exploring the gems that our beautiful Belize has to offer. We created unforgettable memories.” Rocento Pau, BFREE Administrative Assistant.

“To me, this trip was better than our previous staff trips because we moved around and saw different parts of our own country. I am glad we explored and did a lot of walking in places I don’t normally go.” Ofelia Cus, Housekeeper.